Ka ọ dị ugbu a, China ụgbọala na akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ revenue ọnụ ọgụgụ ruru banyere 1: 1, na ụgbọala powerhouse 1: 1.7 ruru ka dị ọdịiche, akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ bụ nnukwu ma ọ bụghị ike, na ulo oru yinye upstream na downstream e nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ike na breakpoints.Ihe kachasị mkpa nke asọmpi ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ usoro nkwado, ya bụ, usoro mmepụta ihe, asọmpi asọmpi bara uru.Ya mere, ebuli okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu nke elu na downstream nke ụlọ ọrụ, mee ngwangwa mwekota na ọhụrụ nke ọkọnọ yinye, wuo ụlọ ọrụ nwere onwe, nchekwa na njikwa, na welie China ọnọdụ na zuru ụwa ọnụ ulo oru yinye, bụ endogenous mkpali na bara uru. chọrọ iji nweta mmepe dị elu nke mbupụ ụgbọ ala.
Mbupu akụkụ na akụrụngwa na-adịkarị mma
1. 2020 Akụkụ na ihe ndị China na-ebupụ na-agbada n'ogo dị elu karịa nke ụgbọ ala zuru oke
Kemgbe 2015, akụkụ akpaaka nke China (gụnyere akụkụ akpaaka isi, akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, iko, taya, otu n'okpuru) mgbanwe mbupụ adịghị nnukwu.Na mgbakwunye na mbupụ nke 2018 karịrị ijeri $ 60, afọ ndị ọzọ na-ese n'elu na ala ijeri $ 55, dị ka usoro mbupụ kwa afọ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ dum.2020, ngụkọta mbupụ nke ngwaahịa ụgbọ ala China karịrị ijeri $ 71, akụkụ ahụ ruru 78.0%.N'ime ha, ụgbọ ala dum na-ebupụ $ 15.735 ijeri, gbadata 3.6% kwa afọ;akụkụ mbupụ nke ijeri $ 55.397, gbadaa 5.9% kwa afọ, ọnụego ọdịda karịa ụgbọ ala dum.E jiri ya tụnyere 2019, ọdịiche nke ọnwa ọ bụla na mbupụ akụkụ na akụrụngwa na 2020 pụtara ìhè.N'ịbụ onye ọrịa ahụ metụtara, mbupụ na-adaba na ala na February, ma na March nke gbakere na ọkwa nke otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga;n'ihi enweghị ike na-achọsi ike n'ahịa ndị si mba ọzọ, ọnwa anọ na-esote na-aga n'ihu na-agbada, ruo August kwụsiri ike ma maliteghachi, September na December mbupụ na-aga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ na ọkwa dị elu.Tụnyere usoro mbupụ ụgbọ ala, akụkụ na akụrụngwa karịa ụgbọ ala 1 ọnwa tupu otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga laghachi na ọkwa, enwere ike ịhụ na akụkụ na akụkụ nke mmetụta ahịa ahịa siri ike.
2. Akụkụ akpaaka na-ebupụ na akụkụ isi na ngwa
Na 2020, mbupụ ụgbọ ala China nke isi akụkụ 23.021 ijeri US dollar, gbadara 4.7% kwa afọ, na-aza 41.6%;ngwa ngwa efu na-ebupụ 19.654 ijeri US dollar, gbadata 3.9% kwa afọ, na-aza 35.5%;iko ụgbọ ala na-ebupụ ijeri dollar 1.087, gbadata 5.2%;taya ụgbọ ala na-ebupụ ijeri dollar 11.635, gbadara 11.2%.A na-ebupụ iko akpaaka na United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ụgbọ ala, taya ụgbọ ala na-ebuga na United States, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom na ahịa ndị ọzọ bụ isi mbupụ.
Kpọmkwem, ndị isi edemede nke isi akụkụ mbupụ bụ etiti na breeki usoro, mbupụ bụ 5.041 ijeri na 4.943 ijeri US dollar, tumadi mbupụ na United States, Japan, Mexico, Germany.N'ihe gbasara akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, mkpuchi ahụ na wiil bụ isi mbupụ na 2020, yana ọnụ ahịa mbupụ nke ijeri 6.435 na ijeri dollar 4.865 n'otu n'otu, nke a na-ebuga wiil na United States, Japan, Mexico, Thailand.
3. Ahịa mbupụ na-elekwasị anya na Asia, North America na Europe
Eshia (isiokwu a na-ezo aka n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Eshia ewezuga China, otu dị n'okpuru ebe a), North America na Europe bụ isi ahịa mbupụ maka akụkụ ndị China.2020, isi akụkụ China na-ebupụ ahịa kachasị ukwuu bụ Asia, na-ebupụ $ 7.494 ijeri, na-aza 32.6%;sochiri North America, mbupụ nke $ 6.076 ijeri, na-aza 26.4%;mbupụ na Europe ijeri 5.902, na-aza 25.6%.N'ihe gbasara ngwa ngwa efu, mbupụ na Asia ruru 42.9 pasent;mbupụ na North America ijeri dollar 5.065, na-aza 25.8 pasent;na-ebupụ na Europe 3.371 ijeri US dollar, na-aza 17.2 pasent.
Agbanyeghi na esemokwu azụmaahịa dị n'etiti China na United States, mbupụ China nke akụkụ na akụrụngwa na United States na 2020 agbadala, mana ma ọ bụ akụkụ bụ isi ma ọ bụ ngwa efu, United States ka bụ onye mbupụ China kacha ibu, ha abụọ na-ebupụ na United States. United States ruru ihe dịka 24% nke mkpokọta mbupụ nke ihe karịrị ijeri dollar US iri.N'ime ha, akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke ngwaahịa mbupụ isi maka usoro breeki, usoro nkwusioru na usoro ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ngwa efu nke isi mbupụ nke wiil alumini, ahụ na ọkụ eletrik.Mba ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu mbupụ nke akụkụ na ngwa ndị dị mkpa gụnyere Japan, South Korea na Mexico.
4. RCEP mpaghara ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ yinye mbupụ mkpa
Na 2020, Japan, South Korea na Thailand bụ mba atọ kachasị elu na mpaghara RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) n'ihe gbasara mbupụ akụkụ isi na ngwa maka ụgbọ ala China.The mbupụ ngwaahịa na Japan bụ tumadi aluminum alloy wiil, ahụ, mgbanye wiring otu, breeki usoro, airbag, wdg;ngwaahịa mbupụ na South Korea na-abụkarị otu mgbanye wiring, ahụ, sistemu steering, airbag, wdg;ngwaahịa mbupụ na Thailand bụ tumadi ahụ, aluminom alloy wheel, sistemu steering, breeki, wdg.
Enwere mgbanwe na mbubata akụkụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya
1. ntakịrị mmụba na mpaghara China na-ebubata na 2020
Site na 2015 ruo 2018, mbubata akụkụ akpaaka nke China gosipụtara ihe na-arị elu kwa afọ;na 2019, enwere nnukwu ọdịda, na mbubata na-ada site na 12.4% afọ n'afọ;na 2020, n'agbanyeghị ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara, mbubata ruru ijeri US $ 32.113, ntakịrị mmụba nke 0.4% karịa afọ gara aga, n'ihi nnukwu mkpa ụlọ.
Site na usoro kwa ọnwa, mbubata akụkụ na akụrụngwa na 2020 gosipụtara usoro dị ala tupu na mgbe usoro dị elu gasịrị.Ebe dị ala kwa afọ bụ n'April ruo Mee, ọkachasị n'ihi enweghị ọkọnọ nke mgbasa ọrịa na-efe efe na mba ofesi kpatara.Ebe ọ bụ na nkwụsi ike na June, ụlọ ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ iji hụ na ọkọnọ yinye kwụsie ike, kpachaara anya na-amụba akụkụ mapụtara ngwaahịa, akụkụ mbubata na nkera nke abụọ nke afọ na-na-na-na-na-na elu larịị.
2. Akụkụ ndị dị mkpa maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 70% nke mbubata
Na 2020, akụkụ isi ụgbọ ala China na-ebubata ijeri dollar 21.642, gbadata 2.5% kwa afọ, na-aza 67.4%;ngwa ngwa efu na-ebubata ijeri dollar 9.42, gbagoro 7.0% kwa afọ, na-aza 29.3%;iko ụgbọ ala na-ebubata ijeri dollar 4.232, gbagoro 20.3% kwa afọ;taya ụgbọ ala na-ebubata ijeri dollar 6.24, gbadata 2.0% kwa afọ.
Site na akụkụ ndị dị mkpa, mbubata mbubata ruru ọkara nke mkpokọta.2020, China butere ijeri $ 10.439 na mgbasa ozi, gbadata ntakịrị site na 0.6% kwa afọ, na-aza 48% nke mkpokọta, yana isi mmalite mbubata bụ Japan, Germany, United States na South Korea.Nke a na-esote okpokolo agba na mmanụ mmanụ / gas gas.Ndị na-ebubata okpokolo agba bụ Jamanị, United States, Japan na Austria, na mmanụ ụgbọ ala / mmanụ gas na-ebutekarị site na Japan, Sweden, United States na Germany.
N'ihe banyere mbubata ngwa ngwa efu, ihe mkpuchi ahụ ruru 55% nke ngụkọta mbubata nke ijeri $ 5.157, mmụba nke 11.4% kwa afọ, mba ndị na-ebubata bụ Germany, Portugal, United States na Japan.Ngwaọrụ ọkụ ụgbọ ala na-ebubata ijeri $ 1.929, gbagoro 12.5% kwa afọ, na-aza 20%, ọkachasị sitere na Mexico, Czech Republic, Germany na Slovakia na mba ndị ọzọ.Ọ dị mma ịkọwa na, site n'ịkwalite ọganihu nke teknụzụ nwere ọgụgụ isi ụlọ na nkwado, mbubata ngwa efu efu metụtara na-ebelata kwa afọ.
3. Europe bụ isi mbubata ahịa maka akụkụ
N'afọ 2020, Europe na Eshia bụ isi ahịa mbubata maka akụkụ isi ụgbọ ala China.Mbubata sitere na Europe ruru $ 9.767 ijeri, mmụba ntakịrị nke 0.1% kwa afọ, na-aza 45.1%;mbubata sitere na Eshia ruru ijeri $9.126, gbadata 10.8% kwa afọ, na-aza 42.2%.N'otu aka ahụ, nnukwu mbubata ahịa maka ngwa ngwa efu bụkwa Europe, na mbubata nke ijeri $ 5.992, gbagoro 5.4% kwa afọ, na-aza 63.6%;Eshia sochiri ya, na mbubata ijeri $1.860, gbadata 10.0% kwa afọ, na-aza 19.7%.
N'afọ 2020, ndị China na-ebubata akụkụ ụgbọ ala ndị bụ isi bụ Japan, Germany na United States.N'ime ha, mbubata sitere na United States toro nke ukwuu, na-abawanye kwa afọ na 48.5%, na ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi na-ebubata bụ nnyefe, njigide na sistemu ụzọ.Akụkụ na ngwa na-ebubata site na mba ọkachasị Germany, Mexico na Japan.Mbubata na Germany 2.399 ijeri US dollar, mmụba nke 1.5%, na-aza 25.5%.
4. Na mpaghara nkwekọrịta RCEP, China nwere nnukwu ịdabere na ngwaahịa ndị Japan
Na 2020, Japan, South Korea, Thailand họọrọ mba atọ kachasị elu nke China na-ebubata akụkụ akpaaka na ngwa ndị sitere na mpaghara RCEP, yana isi mbubata nke nnyefe na akụkụ, injin na ahụ maka ụgbọ ala mbugharị 1 ~ 3L, yana nnukwu ibu. ịdabere na ngwaahịa Japanese.Na mpaghara nkwekọrịta RCEP, site na ọnụ ahịa mbubata, 79% nke nnyefe na obere ụgbọ ala akpaaka na-ebubata na Japan, 99% nke engine ụgbọ ala si Japan, 85% nke ahụ si Japan.
Mmepe akụkụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ahịa ụgbọ ala niile
1. Akụkụ na akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịga ije n'ihu ụgbọ ala ahụ dum
Site na usoro iwu, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ iwu tumadi gburugburu ụgbọ ahụ ịzụlite, akụkụ na components ụlọ ọrụ na-egwu naanị "ọrụ nkwado";si mbupụ ele ihe anya, ndị nọọrọ onwe ha ika ụgbọ ala wiil, iko na roba taya na mba ahịa ogide a ebe, mgbe elu uru-agbakwunyere, elu profitability nke isi components mmepe lags n'azụ.Dị ka a isi ụlọ ọrụ, akpaaka akụkụ na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke ulo oru yinye bụ ogologo, ọ dịghị ụlọ ọrụ endogenous mbanye na imekọ ihe ọnụ mmepe, o siri ike ime a itunanya na isi technology.Ọ bara uru na-atụgharị uche na n'oge gara aga, na mainframe osisi dị nanị ịchụso otu-akụkụ nghọta nke ahịa dividend, na upstream suppliers na-ejigide a mfe ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ mmekọrịta, emeghị a ọrụ na-akwọ ụgbọala n'ihu-ọgwụgwụ ụlọ ọrụ. yinye.
Site na nhazi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ akụkụ, OEM ndị bụ isi dị ka isi radieshon gburugburu ụwa ewepụtala ụyọkọ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ atọ: United States dị ka isi, site na nkwekọrịta US-Mexico-Canada iji nọgide na-enwe ụyọkọ ụlọ ọrụ North America. ;Germany, France dị ka isi, European ụlọ ọrụ yinye ụyọkọ radieshon na Central na Eastern Europe;China, Japan, South Korea dị ka isi nke ụyọkọ ụlọ ọrụ Eshia.Iji merie uru dị iche iche n'ahịa mba ụwa, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala kwụụrụ onwe ya kwesịrị iji mmetụta ụyọkọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mee ihe nke ọma, ṅaa ntị na njikọta nke usoro ọkọnọ nke elu, na-abawanye imewe n'ihu, nyocha na mmepe na njikọta. mgbalị, na-agba ume siri ike onwe akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ na-aga oké osimiri ọnụ, ọbụna tupu dum ụgbọ ala.
2. Ndị isi na-ebubata onwe ha na-ebute oge ohere mmepe
Ọrịa na-efe efe nwere mmetụta dị mkpirikpi na ogologo oge na ntinye akụkụ ụgbọ ala zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke ga-abara ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ uru na nhazi ikike mmepụta ụwa.N'oge dị mkpirikpi, ọrịa ahụ na-adọkpụ ugboro ugboro mmepụta nke ndị na-ebubata na mba ofesi, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ bụ ndị mbụ maliteghachi ọrụ na mmepụta ihe, na ụfọdụ iwu na-enweghị ike ịnye n'oge nwere ike ịmanye ịgbanwe ndị na-ebubata ya, na-enye oge windo maka ụlọ. akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ịgbasa azụmahịa ha esenidụt.N'ikpeazụ, iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke mbelata ọkọnọ nke esenidụt, ọtụtụ OEM ga-abụ ndị na-ebubata onwe ha n'ime usoro nkwado, a na-atụ anya na usoro ngbanwe nke ime ụlọ ga-eme ngwa ngwa.Industrylọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala ma okirikiri na uto nke njirimara abụọ, n'ihe gbasara uto ahịa pere mpe, enwere ike ịtụ anya ohere nhazi ụlọ ọrụ.
3. "Anọ ọhụrụ" ga-emegharị ụkpụrụ nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe anọ macro, gụnyere nduzi amụma, ntọala akụ na ụba, mkpali ọha na eze na teknụzụ teknụzụ, emeela ka ozuzu ya dịkwuo elu ma kwalite "anọ ọhụrụ" nke agbụ ụlọ ọrụ akpaaka - ike dị iche iche, njikọ netwọk, ọgụgụ isi na nkekọrịta.Ndị na-emepụta ndị ọbịa ga-emepụta ụdị ahaziri iche dịka mkpa njem mkpanaka dị iche iche si dị;mmepụta nke dabeere n'elu ikpo okwu ga-eme ngwa ngwa imegharị ọdịdị ụgbọ ala na ime;na mmepụta mgbanwe ga-enyere aka jirichaa mmepụta ahịrị arụmọrụ.ntozu oke nke teknụzụ electrification, njikọta ụlọ ọrụ 5G, na iji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọta ọnọdụ ịnya ụgbọ ala nwere ọgụgụ isi ga-agbanwegharị usoro nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala n'ọdịnihu.Usoro eletrik atọ (batrị, moto na eletriki eletrik) nke na-ebuli elu nke electrification ga-eji dochie igwe ọkụ ọkụ n'ime omenala ma ghọọ isi zuru oke;isi ihe na-ebu ọgụgụ isi - mgbawa ụgbọ ala, ADAS na AI nkwado ga-aghọ isi ihe ọhụrụ nke esemokwu;dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ netwọkụ, C-V2X, map ziri ezi dị elu, teknụzụ ịkwọ ụgbọala kwụụrụ onwe ya na mmekọrịta atumatu isi ihe anọ bụ isi na-akwọ ụgbọala na-efu.
Enwere ike ime mgbe ahịa na-enye ohere mmepe maka ụlọ ọrụ akụkụ
Dị ka OICA (World Organisation of Automobile), ụgbọ ala zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abụ 1.491 ijeri na 2020. Na-eto eto nwe na-enye a ike azụmahịa ọwa maka akpakanamde aftermarket, nke pụtara na a ga-enwekwu ọchịchọ maka mgbe-ahịa ọrụ na ịrụzi n'ọdịnihu. na ụlọ ọrụ akụkụ China kwesịrị iji ohere a nke ọma.
Na US, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na njedebe nke 2019, enwere ihe dị ka ụgbọ ala nde 280 na US;Ngụkọta ogologo ụgbọ ala na US na 2019 bụ 3.27 trillion kilomita (ihe dịka 5.26 trillion kilomita), yana nkezi ụgbọ ala dị afọ 11.8.Mmụba nke ọtụtụ kilomita na-abawanye na nkezi afọ ụgbọ ala na-ebute uto n'akụkụ azụ ahịa yana nrụzi na mmefu mmezi.Dị ka American Automotive Aftermarket Suppliers Association (AASA) si kwuo, a na-eme atụmatụ na US automotive aftermarket ga-eru $ 308 ijeri na 2019. Mmụba ahịa ahịa ga-erite uru nke ukwuu site na ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ ụgbọ ala, gụnyere ndị na-ere ahịa akụkụ, ndị na-arụzi ọrụ na ndị na-arụzi ọrụ. eji ndị na-ere ụgbọ ala, wdg, nke dị mma maka mbupụ ụgbọ ala China.
N'otu aka ahụ, ahịa ahịa Europe nwere nnukwu ikike.Dị ka data European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) si kwuo, nkezi afọ ụgbọ ala Europe bụ afọ 10.5.Ọnụ ahịa ahịa ugbu a nke usoro OEM German bụ nke ha nhata nke ọwa ndị ọzọ nwere onwe ha.N'ahịa nke nrụzi na ọrụ nnọchi maka taya taya, ndozi, ịma mma na akwa na akwa akwa, usoro ọwa nọọrọ onwe ya na-akpata ma ọ dịkarịa ala 50% nke ahịa ahụ;ebe n'ime azụmahịa abụọ nke nrụzi igwe na eletriki na ịgbasa mpempe akwụkwọ, usoro OEM nwere ihe karịrị ọkara nke ahịa.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, German mbubata akụkụ ụgbọ ala tumadi si Czech Republic, Poland na ndị ọzọ Central na Eastern European OEM na-ebubata, na-ebubata si China na isi ngwaahịa dị ka taya, breeki esemokwu pads.N'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ akụkụ China nwere ike ịbawanye mgbasawanye nke ahịa Europe.
The akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ na-enwe otu narị afọ nke mmepe nke kasị ukwuu window oge, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ yinye upstream na downstream auto akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ kpaliri ya, na mwekota, nhazigharị, ike usoro nke asọmpi, mkpa ịghọta ohere ike onwe ha. ma mekwaa mmejọ ndị ahụ.Jide n'aka na mmepe onwe ya, were ụzọ nke mba ụwa, bụ nhọrọ a na-apụghị izere ezere nke nkwalite ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala China.
Oge nzipu: Nov-25-2022